Visitors Guide to Edinburgh
Edinburgh, the capital city of Scotland, is renowned for its rich history, stunning architecture and vibrant cultural scene. It holds immense significance as a cultural and intellectual hub, attracting millions of visitors each year.
With its UNESCO World Heritage-listed Old Town and New Town, Edinburgh offers a unique blend of medieval charm and neoclassical elegance. The city is also famous for its annual festivals including the world’s largest arts festival, the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.
Edinburgh is located in southeastern Scotland, along the southern shore of the Firth of Forth. It is bordered by the Pentland Hills to the south and the Firth of Forth to the north. The city’s coastal location gives it a temperate maritime climate, characterized by mild winters and cool summers. However, the weather in Edinburgh can be changeable with frequent rainfall throughout the year.
Getting to Edinburgh
Edinburgh is well-connected and easily accessible by various modes of transportation. The city is served by Edinburgh Airport, located about 8 miles west of the city center. It is the busiest airport in Scotland with direct flights to numerous domestic and international destinations.
For those traveling by train, Edinburgh has two main railway stations: Edinburgh Waverley and Edinburgh Haymarket. Edinburgh Waverley is centrally located in the heart of the city, while Haymarket is slightly to the west. Both stations provide excellent connections to major cities across the UK.
In addition, Edinburgh is accessible by bus/coach services with national and regional operators serving the city. There are also ferry services available from nearby ports for those traveling from Northern Ireland or continental Europe.
Currency and language information
The currency used in Edinburgh and throughout Scotland, is the British Pound Sterling (£). Scotland has its own unique banknotes, although the Bank of England’s notes are also widely accepted. It is advisable to carry some cash, as not all establishments may accept card payments, especially in more remote areas.
English is the predominant language spoken in Edinburgh with Scottish English being the local dialect. However, it’s worth noting that Scotland has its own distinct vocabulary and accent which adds to the city’s charm.
Getting Oriented
Edinburgh’s layout and districts
Edinburgh’s layout consists of several distinct districts, each with its own character and attractions. The city is divided into two main areas: the historic Old Town and the Georgian-era New Town. The Old Town is characterized by its medieval streets, iconic landmarks such as the Edinburgh Castle and the Royal Mile and the vibrant Grassmarket area. The New Town, a UNESCO World Heritage site, features elegant neoclassical architecture, wide streets and beautiful squares. It is home to upscale shops, restaurants and cultural institutions like the National Gallery of Scotland.
Beyond the Old Town and New Town, there are other noteworthy districts worth exploring. Leith, located to the north of the city center, is a vibrant waterfront area with a rich maritime heritage and a lively dining scene. Stockbridge, situated to the northwest, is known for its charming village atmosphere, independent boutiques and food markets. Other areas of interest include the trendy district of Bruntsfield, the university-dominated area of Marchmont and the picturesque Dean Village.
Overview of public transportation options
Edinburgh offers a range of public transportation options for getting around the city. The most convenient mode of transport within the city center is walking, as many of the main attractions are within walking distance of each other. The city’s compact size makes it easily navigable on foot.
Edinburgh also has an extensive bus network operated by Lothian Buses with routes covering the entire city and surrounding areas. Buses are a reliable and affordable option for getting around and they operate frequently throughout the day.
Trams are another mode of public transportation in Edinburgh, serving key locations between the city center and the airport. The tram network provides a convenient and efficient way to travel, particularly for airport transfers.
Taxis are widely available in Edinburgh with black cabs and private hire vehicles offering transportation services. Ride-hailing services like Uber are also operational in the city.
Recommended maps and guidebooks
To navigate Edinburgh and make the most of your visit, there are several maps and guidebooks available. The official tourism website for Edinburgh, VisitScotland, provides a variety of resources including maps, guides and itineraries. Their website (https://www.visitscotland.com/destinations-maps/edinburgh/) offers downloadable maps and helpful information about the city’s attractions, events and transportation options.
Additionally, the City of Edinburgh Council provides free maps of the city center that can be obtained from various information centers and tourist offices. These maps highlight key landmarks, streets and public transportation routes.
For comprehensive guidebooks, popular options include the Lonely Planet Edinburgh guide and the DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Edinburgh. These guidebooks provide detailed information about the city’s history, attractions, dining and accommodation options, as well as maps and suggested itineraries to enhance your visit.
Top Attractions in Edinburgh
Edinburgh Castle:
Historical background: Edinburgh Castle has a history dating back over a thousand years and has witnessed numerous battles and sieges. It served as a royal residence, military stronghold and is now an iconic symbol of Scottish heritage.
Main highlights within the castle: The castle features several notable attractions including the Crown Jewels of Scotland, the Stone of Destiny, the Great Hall, the Royal Palace, St. Margaret’s Chapel (the oldest surviving building in Edinburgh) and the National War Museum of Scotland.
Practical information: Entrance fees vary depending on the time of year and it’s advisable to purchase tickets in advance. The castle is open daily with slightly reduced hours during the winter months. Audio guides and guided tours are available for a more immersive experience.
Royal Mile:
Description of the historic street: The Royal Mile is a vibrant street that stretches for approximately one mile from Edinburgh Castle to the Palace of Holyroodhouse. It is lined with centuries-old buildings, charming alleys and cobblestone streets, exuding a captivating medieval atmosphere.
Must-visit landmarks and attractions along the Royal Mile: Key attractions include the Real Mary King’s Close, a hidden underground street; St. Giles’ Cathedral, an impressive Gothic church; the Museum of Edinburgh, showcasing the city’s history; and the John Knox House, a historic building linked to the Scottish Reformation.
Shops, restaurants and entertainment options: The Royal Mile offers a plethora of shops selling tartans, kilts, whisky and traditional Scottish souvenirs. There are numerous pubs, restaurants and cafes where visitors can savor Scottish cuisine and enjoy live music.
Holyrood Palace and Holyrood Park:
History and significance of the palace: Holyrood Palace has been a royal residence since the 16th century and is the official residence of the British monarch in Scotland. It holds historical importance and is associated with various royal events and ceremonies.
Exploring the palace and its gardens: Visitors can tour the palace’s state apartments, see the historic rooms and admire the royal art collection. The palace is surrounded by picturesque gardens that offer a tranquil escape.
Hiking and outdoor activities in Holyrood Park: Holyrood Park is a vast green space with diverse landscapes. The park’s highlight is Arthur’s Seat, an extinct volcano offering stunning panoramic views of the city. Visitors can enjoy hiking, walking trails and picnicking amidst nature.
Arthur’s Seat:
Introduction to the iconic hill and its natural beauty: Arthur’s Seat is an ancient volcano situated within Holyrood Park. It offers breathtaking views of Edinburgh and the surrounding landscapes, making it a favorite spot for nature lovers and hikers.
Hiking routes and viewpoints: Arthur’s Seat has various hiking routes catering to different skill levels. The main path takes you to the summit, where you can enjoy panoramic views of the city, the coastline and the Scottish countryside.
Safety precautions and recommended equipment: Visitors are advised to wear suitable footwear and bring water, especially during warmer months. It’s important to follow designated paths, be aware of weather conditions and take necessary precautions while hiking.
National Museum of Scotland:
Overview of the museum’s collections: The National Museum of Scotland showcases a wide range of exhibits, spanning Scottish history, natural sciences, world cultures, science and technology, art and design.
Highlights and must-see exhibits: Popular highlights include the Millennium Clock, the Lewis Chessmen, the Dolly the Sheep exhibit (which explores cloning) and the diverse collection of artworks and artifacts from around the world.
Visitor amenities and services: The museum provides free admission, although some special exhibits may have an entry fee. It offers various amenities including cafes, shops and guided tours. Interactive displays and hands-on activities make it a great destination for visitors of all ages.
Princes Street and Gardens:
Description of the famous street and its attractions: Princes Street is a bustling thoroughfare in the city center, known for its stunning views of the castle and its high-end shops, department stores and hotels. It serves as a hub for shopping and entertainment.
Exploring the gardens and monuments: Princes Street Gardens is a beautiful public park situated beneath the street, offering a serene retreat amidst the city’s hustle and bustle. Notable landmarks within the gardens include the Scott Monument and the Ross Fountain.
Shopping and dining options in the area: Princes Street is lined with flagship stores, boutiques and designer shops, making it a paradise for shoppers. There are also plenty of restaurants, cafes and bars where visitors can take a break and enjoy a meal or refreshments.
The Scottish Parliament and Dynamic Earth:
Introduction to the Scottish Parliament building: The Scottish Parliament building is a modern architectural marvel located at the foot of the Royal Mile. It houses the devolved Scottish Parliament and symbolizes Scotland’s democratic system.
Interactive exhibits and educational experiences at Dynamic Earth: Dynamic Earth, situated near the Scottish Parliament, is an interactive science museum that explores the Earth’s natural history and geology. It offers immersive exhibits and educational experiences for visitors of all ages.
Visitor information and guided tours: The Scottish Parliament offers free public tours, providing insights into the building’s architecture, the parliamentary process and Scotland’s political landscape. Dynamic Earth has ticketed entry and visitors can explore the exhibits at their own pace.
These top attractions in Edinburgh provide a glimpse into the city’s historical, cultural and natural treasures, offering a captivating experience for visitors of all interests.
Cultural Experiences
Edinburgh Festivals:
Overview of the major festivals and their dates: Edinburgh is renowned for its festivals which attract artists and visitors from around the world. The major festivals include the Edinburgh Festival Fringe (August), the Edinburgh International Festival (August), the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo (August) and the Edinburgh International Book Festival (August). There are also festivals dedicated to arts, film, storytelling, jazz, science and more throughout the year.
Highlights and recommended events: The Edinburgh Festival Fringe is the world’s largest arts festival, featuring thousands of performances in various genres including theater, comedy, dance and music. The Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo showcases spectacular military performances against the backdrop of Edinburgh Castle. The International Festival presents world-class music, theater and dance productions. The Book Festival hosts renowned authors and literary events.
Ticketing and planning tips: Tickets for festival events can be purchased online in advance. It’s advisable to plan your itinerary and book tickets early, as popular shows sell out quickly. It’s also worth exploring the free and outdoor events during the festivals. Check the festival websites for program schedules, venue information and ticketing details.
Whisky Tasting and Distillery Tours:
Introduction to Scotland’s national drink: Whisky (or whiskey) is a beloved Scottish spirit with a rich history and distinct flavors. It is made from malted barley and aged in oak casks, resulting in a variety of styles and regional characteristics.
Recommended whisky distilleries to visit: Edinburgh is not home to whisky distilleries but there are several renowned distilleries within a short drive from the city, such as Glenkinchie, Talisker and The Glenlivet. These distilleries offer guided tours, where visitors can learn about the whisky-making process and enjoy tastings.
Tasting experiences and tours: Whisky tasting experiences range from basic tastings to in-depth masterclasses. Distillery tours often include an exploration of the production facilities, warehouses and a tutored tasting session. It’s recommended to book distillery tours in advance and consider joining a whisky tasting event or workshop in Edinburgh.
Traditional Scottish Cuisine:
Overview of traditional dishes and ingredients: Traditional Scottish cuisine showcases hearty and flavorsome dishes. Some iconic dishes include haggis (a savory pudding made with sheep’s offal), Scotch broth (a thick soup with barley and vegetables), Cullen skink (a creamy smoked haddock soup) and Cranachan (a dessert made with raspberries, cream, oats and whisky).
Popular restaurants and eateries to try: For a taste of traditional Scottish cuisine, consider dining at establishments like The Witchery, The Kitchin
and Angels with Bagpipes. Additionally, exploring pubs and restaurants serving Scottish fare along the Royal Mile or in the Grassmarket area can provide a delightful culinary experience.
Vegetarian and vegan options: While traditional Scottish cuisine often features meat and fish, there are vegetarian and vegan options available. Many restaurants in Edinburgh offer plant-based dishes and some specialize in vegetarian and vegan cuisine, such as Henderson’s of Edinburgh and Harmonium.
Live Music and Nightlife:
Introduction to Edinburgh’s vibrant music scene: Edinburgh has a thriving music scene, offering a wide range of genres and venues. From traditional folk music to contemporary bands and artists, there are numerous opportunities to experience live music.
Recommended live music venues and clubs: The Usher Hall, the Queen’s Hall and the Edinburgh Playhouse are renowned venues hosting performances by local and international artists.
For a more intimate setting, check out venues like Sneaky Pete’s, The Jazz Bar and Cabaret Voltaire. The Royal Mile and Grassmarket area also have pubs and bars featuring live music.
Tips for enjoying the nightlife safely: When enjoying the nightlife in Edinburgh, it’s important to stay aware of your surroundings and take standard safety precautions. Plan your transportation in advance, especially if you’ll be out late. Be mindful of your belongings and if consuming alcohol, do so responsibly. It’s advisable to travel in groups, especially late at night and familiarize yourself with emergency contact information.
These cultural experiences in Edinburgh provide a deep dive into the city’s artistic, culinary and entertainment offerings, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in Scottish traditions and contemporary delights.
Exploring Beyond Edinburgh
Day Trips from Edinburgh
Nearby towns and attractions worth visiting:
Stirling: Located about an hour’s drive from Edinburgh, Stirling is known for its historic Stirling Castle which played a significant role in Scottish history. The Wallace Monument and the Battle of Bannockburn Visitor Centre are other notable attractions in the area.
Glasgow: Scotland’s largest city, Glasgow, is approximately an hour away from Edinburgh by train. It offers a vibrant arts scene, world-class museums like the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, stunning architecture and excellent shopping and dining options.
St. Andrews: Situated on the east coast of Scotland, St. Andrews is famous for its prestigious university and being the birthplace of golf. Visitors can explore the historic Old Course, visit St. Andrews Cathedral and Castle and enjoy the charming town atmosphere.
Falkland: A picturesque village in Fife, Falkland is known for its well-preserved historic buildings including Falkland Palace, a Renaissance-style palace with beautiful gardens. The village’s quaint streets and shops add to its charm.
Scottish Highlands and Lochs:
Introduction to the breathtaking landscapes: The Scottish Highlands are renowned for their rugged beauty, dramatic mountains and serene lochs. It’s a region of stunning natural landscapes that have inspired artists and writers for centuries.
Exploring Loch Ness, Glencoe and other iconic locations: Loch Ness, famous for the legendary Loch Ness Monster, offers scenic boat trips and the opportunity to explore Urquhart Castle. Glencoe is a stunning glen known for its majestic mountains and historic significance. Other notable locations include Loch Lomond, the Cairngorms National Park and the Isle of Skye.
Guided tours and outdoor activities: Joining a guided tour from Edinburgh allows you to experience the Scottish Highlands and lochs with ease. Options include day trips that take you to multiple locations, such as Loch Ness, Glencoe and the Highlands. Outdoor activities like hiking, wildlife spotting and boat tours are popular ways to immerse yourself in the natural beauty of the region.
Coastal Gems: Edinburgh’s Surrounding Beaches:
Description of nearby coastal areas: Edinburgh is surrounded by stunning coastal areas that offer beautiful beaches and picturesque coastal towns. Portobello Beach, located in Edinburgh itself, is a popular spot for locals and visitors alike.
Recommended beaches for relaxation and recreation: North Berwick is a charming coastal town with sandy beaches, scenic walks and attractions like the Scottish Seabird Centre.
Yellowcraig Beach, near Dirleton, is known for its dunes and nature reserve, offering opportunities for picnicking and wildlife watching.
Water sports and coastal walks: The coastal areas near Edinburgh provide opportunities for water sports such as surfing, kayaking and paddleboarding. There are also scenic coastal walks, such as the John Muir Way which stretches along the East Lothian coastline and offers breathtaking views.
When planning day trips from Edinburgh, consider the distance and transportation options available. For some destinations, public transportation may be convenient, while for others, renting a car or joining a guided tour might be the best choice. It’s recommended to check schedules, plan your itinerary in advance and consider any specific attractions or activities you’d like to experience.
Practical Information
Accommodation Options:
Overview of different types of accommodations: Edinburgh offers a wide range of accommodation options to suit various budgets and preferences. These include hotels, bed and breakfasts, guesthouses, hostels, serviced apartments and vacation rentals.
Recommended hotels, hostels and alternative options: Some popular hotels in Edinburgh include The Balmoral, The Scotsman Hotel and The Witchery by the Castle. For budget travelers, there are well-regarded hostels like Castle Rock Hostel and High Street Hostel. Alternative options include Airbnb and other vacation rental platforms which provide a range of properties to choose from.
Local Transportation:
Public transportation network within Edinburgh: Edinburgh has an efficient public transportation system comprising buses and trams operated by Lothian Buses and Edinburgh Trams, respectively. The city is well-connected and buses and trams are a convenient way to navigate around. Tickets can be purchased from the driver or using mobile apps.
Taxis, car rentals and other transportation services: Taxis are readily available in Edinburgh and licensed black cabs can be hailed on the street or booked through taxi companies. Car rental services are also available for those who prefer to explore the city and its surroundings at their own pace.
Dining and Food Options:
Budget-friendly eateries and food markets: Edinburgh offers a range of budget-friendly eateries including cafes, pubs and food markets. The Grassmarket area and Victoria Street are known for their diverse dining options.
Additionally, the city has several food markets like the Edinburgh Farmers’ Market and Stockbridge Market, where you can find fresh produce and local delicacies.
Specialty cuisine and fine dining establishments: Edinburgh boasts a vibrant culinary scene with a variety of specialty cuisine restaurants and fine dining establishments. From traditional Scottish fare to international cuisine, there are options to suit every taste. The city is also known for its Michelin-starred restaurants including The Kitchin, Restaurant Martin Wishart and Number One.
Shopping in Edinburgh:
Popular shopping areas and districts: Princes Street is a bustling shopping district lined with high-street brands and department stores. George Street is known for its upscale boutiques and designer shops.
The Royal Mile and Grassmarket area offer a mix of tourist-oriented shops, Scottish specialty stores and souvenir shops.
Souvenirs, local products and unique finds: When shopping for souvenirs, look for items that reflect Scottish culture, such as tartan products, whisky, kilts and traditional crafts. The shops along the Royal Mile and Grassmarket area have a wide selection of souvenirs and local products. Additionally, independent boutiques and artisanal shops in areas like Stockbridge and the West End offer unique and locally-made goods.
Safety and Emergency Information:
General safety tips for tourists: Edinburgh is generally a safe city but it’s always important to take common-sense precautions. Be mindful of your belongings, especially in crowded areas and tourist hotspots. Stay aware of your surroundings and avoid isolated areas, particularly at night. Use licensed taxis or reputable transportation services. It’s also advisable to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies and familiarize yourself with the emergency exits and procedures of your accommodation.
Emergency contacts and medical services: In case of emergencies, dial 999 for police, fire or ambulance services. The nearest hospital with an emergency department is the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. There are also several walk-in clinics and pharmacies throughout the city for non-emergency medical needs.
Summary of Edinburgh’s key attractions and experiences:
Edinburgh offers a captivating blend of history, culture, natural beauty and vibrant festivals. From iconic landmarks like Edinburgh Castle and the Royal Mile to the scenic Scottish Highlands and the lively festivals, the city has something for everyone.
Final tips and recommendations for visitors:
When visiting Edinburgh, it’s recommended to plan ahead, especially during peak tourist seasons. Consider purchasing attraction tickets in advance, booking accommodations early and familiarizing yourself with public transportation options. Be open to exploring the city’s hidden gems and local experiences beyond the popular tourist sites.